在 apt 安装的时候可能会疑惑怎么有这么多种 docker，并且读 docker 官方目录的时候还要卸载另外的，并称其他为 “过时的”，然而可能却并不是那么过时以至于导致兼容性问题。
一句话概括：docker-ce 由 docker.com，docker-io 由 Debian 提供，安装更加方便，只需一行命令，并且我也推荐用 docker-io。
docker-io包是 Debian/Ubuntu 从其官方仓库上提供的 docker 版本使用的名称。每个外部依赖项都是一个单独的包，并且将独立更新。
docker-ce是docker.com直接提供的认证版本，也可以从源代码构建。因此，在构建之前将所有依赖项拉入源代码树，然后整个应用形成一个单独的包。总是一次更新 docker 及其所有依赖项。
在 Ubuntu 20.04 干跑 dry-run 对比:
36 行，docker-ce 的版本是 20.10.12
docker-ce apt 安装 >folded1
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| $ sudo apt-get install docker-ce --dry-run
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
linux-headers-5.4.0-26 linux-headers-5.4.0-26-generic linux-headers-5.4.0-47
linux-headers-5.4.0-47-generic linux-headers-5.4.0-81 linux-headers-5.4.0-81-generic
linux-headers-5.4.0-86 linux-headers-5.4.0-86-generic linux-image-5.4.0-26-generic
linux-image-5.4.0-47-generic linux-image-5.4.0-81-generic linux-image-5.4.0-86-generic
linux-modules-5.4.0-26-generic linux-modules-5.4.0-47-generic linux-modules-5.4.0-81-generic
linux-modules-5.4.0-86-generic linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-26-generic
linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-47-generic linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-81-generic
linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-86-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
containerd.io dbus-user-session docker-ce-cli docker-ce-rootless-extras docker-scan-plugin pigz
slirp4netns
Suggested packages:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount | cgroup-lite
The following NEW packages will be installed:
containerd.io dbus-user-session docker-ce docker-ce-cli docker-ce-rootless-extras docker-scan-plugin
pigz slirp4netns
0 upgraded, 8 newly installed, 0 to remove and 19 not upgraded.
Inst pigz (2.4-1 Ubuntu:20.04/focal [amd64])
Inst containerd.io (1.4.12-1 Docker CE:focal [amd64])
Inst dbus-user-session (1.12.16-2ubuntu2.1 Ubuntu:20.04/focal-updates, Ubuntu:20.04/focal-security [amd64])
Inst docker-ce-cli (5:20.10.12~3-0~ubuntu-focal Docker CE:focal [amd64])
Inst docker-ce (5:20.10.12~3-0~ubuntu-focal Docker CE:focal [amd64])
Inst docker-ce-rootless-extras (5:20.10.12~3-0~ubuntu-focal Docker CE:focal [amd64])
Inst docker-scan-plugin (0.12.0~ubuntu-focal Docker CE:focal [amd64])
Inst slirp4netns (0.4.3-1 Ubuntu:20.04/focal [amd64])
Conf pigz (2.4-1 Ubuntu:20.04/focal [amd64])
Conf containerd.io (1.4.12-1 Docker CE:focal [amd64])
Conf dbus-user-session (1.12.16-2ubuntu2.1 Ubuntu:20.04/focal-updates, Ubuntu:20.04/focal-security [amd64])
Conf docker-ce-cli (5:20.10.12~3-0~ubuntu-focal Docker CE:focal [amd64])
Conf docker-ce (5:20.10.12~3-0~ubuntu-focal Docker CE:focal [amd64])
Conf docker-ce-rootless-extras (5:20.10.12~3-0~ubuntu-focal Docker CE:focal [amd64])
Conf docker-scan-plugin (0.12.0~ubuntu-focal Docker CE:focal [amd64])
Conf slirp4netns (0.4.3-1 Ubuntu:20.04/focal [amd64])
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37 行，docker.io 的版本是 20.10.7
docker.io apt 安装 >folded1
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| $ sudo apt-get install docker.io --dry-run
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
linux-headers-5.4.0-26 linux-headers-5.4.0-26-generic linux-headers-5.4.0-47
linux-headers-5.4.0-47-generic linux-headers-5.4.0-81 linux-headers-5.4.0-81-generic
linux-headers-5.4.0-86 linux-headers-5.4.0-86-generic linux-image-5.4.0-26-generic
linux-image-5.4.0-47-generic linux-image-5.4.0-81-generic linux-image-5.4.0-86-generic
linux-modules-5.4.0-26-generic linux-modules-5.4.0-47-generic linux-modules-5.4.0-81-generic
linux-modules-5.4.0-86-generic linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-26-generic
linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-47-generic linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-81-generic
linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-86-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
bridge-utils containerd dns-root-data dnsmasq-base pigz runc ubuntu-fan
Suggested packages:
ifupdown aufs-tools btrfs-progs cgroupfs-mount | cgroup-lite debootstrap docker-doc rinse zfs-fuse
| zfsutils
The following NEW packages will be installed:
bridge-utils containerd dns-root-data dnsmasq-base docker.io pigz runc ubuntu-fan
0 upgraded, 8 newly installed, 0 to remove and 19 not upgraded.
Inst pigz (2.4-1 Ubuntu:20.04/focal [amd64])
Inst bridge-utils (1.6-2ubuntu1 Ubuntu:20.04/focal [amd64])
Inst runc (1.0.1-0ubuntu2~20.04.1 Ubuntu:20.04/focal-updates [amd64])
Inst containerd (1.5.5-0ubuntu3~20.04.1 Ubuntu:20.04/focal-updates [amd64])
Inst dns-root-data (2019052802 Ubuntu:20.04/focal [all])
Inst dnsmasq-base (2.80-1.1ubuntu1.4 Ubuntu:20.04/focal-updates, Ubuntu:20.04/focal-security [amd64])
Inst docker.io (20.10.7-0ubuntu5~20.04.2 Ubuntu:20.04/focal-updates, Ubuntu:20.04/focal-security [amd64])
Inst ubuntu-fan (0.12.13 Ubuntu:20.04/focal [all])
Conf pigz (2.4-1 Ubuntu:20.04/focal [amd64])
Conf bridge-utils (1.6-2ubuntu1 Ubuntu:20.04/focal [amd64])
Conf runc (1.0.1-0ubuntu2~20.04.1 Ubuntu:20.04/focal-updates [amd64])
Conf containerd (1.5.5-0ubuntu3~20.04.1 Ubuntu:20.04/focal-updates [amd64])
Conf dns-root-data (2019052802 Ubuntu:20.04/focal [all])
Conf dnsmasq-base (2.80-1.1ubuntu1.4 Ubuntu:20.04/focal-updates, Ubuntu:20.04/focal-security [amd64])
Conf docker.io (20.10.7-0ubuntu5~20.04.2 Ubuntu:20.04/focal-updates, Ubuntu:20.04/focal-security [amd64])
Conf ubuntu-fan (0.12.13 Ubuntu:20.04/focal [all])
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可以看出版本差别并不大，兼容性日常使用应该可以忽略。考虑国内网络环境，直接安装 docker.io 从 apt 镜像源下载/更新更快。
docker-ee 现在被收购，一般用不上。
参考